Balancing Defense and Security
Q: How concerned are you about a confrontation with North Korea in light of recent events?
A: It’s well-known that the North Korean regime is unpredictable, but South Korea has consistently fortified its defense capabilities since the Korean War. North Korea’s nuclear focus reflects its conventional military weaknesses, and our strong ROK-U.S. nuclear alliance ensures we are prepared for any potential threats. I want to reassure the global community that South Korea is fully capable of defending itself, and there is no reason to fear escalation from the North.
Q: North Korea has accused South Korea of provocation. How do you respond, and what measures would you consider for conciliation?
Our defense readiness is aimed at maintaining peace. Since the Republic of Korea was established, we’ve never had intentions to invade the North. North Korea’s accusations are baseless. With our economic strength—South Korea’s GNI is 60 times that of North Korea—we have consistently offered humanitarian aid, as our constitution recognizes North Koreans as citizens. However, North Korea’s leadership has been selective in accepting this aid. I’ve also publicly stated that if North Korea takes concrete steps toward denuclearization, South Korea will offer substantial economic and industrial support.
Q: Many South Koreans support the development of independent nuclear weapons. What is your stance?
While surveys show broad public support for South Korea developing its own nuclear arsenal, I believe this would be dangerous for regional and global security. Such a move would likely prompt Japan and Taiwan to pursue their own nuclear weapons, intensifying security risks. South Korea remains committed to the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), and our strengthened nuclear alliance with the U.S. serves as a robust deterrent. Additionally, the establishment of the Nuclear Consultative Group further strengthens our partnership with the U.S. on this issue.
Q: How do you respond to North Korea’s military cooperation with Russia amid the Ukraine conflict?
North Korea’s troop deployment to Russia violates international law and poses a significant threat to global security. If Russia provides North Korea with advanced military technology or combat experience from the war in Ukraine, the potential danger to South Korea’s security escalates. We are coordinating with our international partners to take countermeasures and continue to support Ukraine through humanitarian aid and reconstruction assistance as part of our Peace and Solidarity Initiative.
Domestic Reform and Future Vision
Q: How do you plan to balance security concerns with domestic reforms?
I see foreign policy and domestic reforms as two sides of the same coin. Our domestic institutions need to adapt to the rapid changes brought about by the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Reforms in labor, education, healthcare, and pensions are critical for South Korea’s continued competitiveness on the global stage. Without these structural changes, we risk falling behind.
In education, we must align our curriculum with the pace of technological advancements, such as AI and digitalization. Healthcare needs to address regional disparities, especially as urbanization exacerbates the divide between Seoul and rural areas. Labor reform must evolve to meet the demands of modern industries, ensuring greater flexibility and support for vulnerable workers.
Q: How confident are you that these reforms will succeed given the political and social challenges?
I am confident. While I may not complete every reform during my presidency, I am laying the groundwork for future administrations to continue the work. These reforms are essential for Korea’s survival and growth in a rapidly changing world. Although the reforms may be politically unpopular, they are crucial for securing the future of South Korea.
Q: What role will immigration play in South Korea’s economy?
Immigration is vital for addressing our labor shortages, especially in skilled sectors. We’re increasing support for multicultural families, helping them integrate into society through language and cultural education. We also plan to attract skilled workers by making it easier for them to obtain citizenship or residency. This will bolster our economy by expanding our talent pool and filling essential roles in growing industries.
Q: The gender divide in South Korea has been widening. What steps are you taking to address this issue?
The gender divide is a complex issue rooted in Korea’s rapid industrialization. One significant factor is the over-competition in the workforce, which often discriminates against women, particularly in terms of career advancement after childbirth. We need to change societal perceptions and create a more supportive environment for women, ensuring that marriage or child-rearing does not hinder career progression. Labor reform will also play a crucial role, as we focus on expertise and creativity rather than long hours as measures of skill.
Q: Can these reforms succeed in such a competitive and traditional society?
These problems have been building for decades. Previous administrations delayed reforms due to political concerns, but now there’s no time to waste. These reforms are not just about immediate political gains but about the long-term prosperity of our nation. As president, my duty is to lay the foundation for future growth, ensuring that the next generation of leaders will continue the work we’ve started.
The Future of South Korea-Japan Relations
Q: Korea has made strides in reconciling with Japan. What more needs to be done?
Korea and Japan must continue to strengthen our trilateral security and economic partnership, especially in the face of North Korea’s growing threat. The upcoming 60th anniversary of normalized relations in 2025 presents an opportunity to deepen cooperation, not just in security, but also in trade, culture, and education. The Osaka Expo next year will further solidify these ties, showcasing the shared values and economic synergies between our two countries. It’s not about domination, but about mutual responsibility for the region’s stability and prosperity.
Q: Can reforms and security coexist under your leadership?
Absolutely. Reforms are essential for South Korea’s future, and I am fully committed to both strengthening our national defense and ensuring that our domestic systems evolve to meet the challenges of a rapidly changing world. The pace of digitalization and the Fourth Industrial Revolution demand immediate action, and my administration is focused on making sure South Korea remains competitive, secure, and inclusive. As I’ve previously mentioned, securing our nation’s future means addressing both internal reform and external security—principles that are interconnected and foundational to our progress.
This interview, conducted by Newsweek CEO Dev Pragad and journalists Nancy Cooper and Matthew Tostevin, provides a unique insight into President Yoon's leadership, emphasizing his determination to transform South Korea both domestically and globally. Despite the numerous challenges ahead, President Yoon remains resolute in his vision for a prosperous, secure, and more inclusive future for South Korea.
